三维连续结构Li4Ti5O12/石墨烯纳米复合材料:制备和其锂离子电池超长循环性能

利用具有三维连续纳米孔结构的热剥离石墨烯为骨架制备Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/石墨烯纳米复合材料。通过乙醇挥发法在热剥离石墨烯的纳米孔道内引入前驱物, 进一步高温热处理, 在热剥离石墨烯的孔道内原位形成Li₄Ti₅O₁₂纳米粒子。利用复合材料作为锂离子电池电极材料。电化学反应过程中, 热剥离石墨烯的三维连续结构确保了Li₄Ti₅O₁₂纳米粒子与石墨烯在长循环过程中的有效接触。因此, 复合材料表现出优异的循环稳定性。在5C下, 5 000次循环后, 其容量保持率高达94%。     

冷热交替水热环境对玻璃钢性能的影响

采用手糊工艺分别制作了玻璃纤维和不饱和聚酯树脂质量比为2:8、3:7和4:6的玻璃钢试样,对玻璃钢试样进行了80℃/12 h、20℃/12 h冷热交替水热老化实验288 h,研究了冷热交替水热老化对玻璃钢力学性能、硬度、质量及吸水性能的影响.结果表明:水热老化降低了玻璃钢的强度、硬度和质量,强度降低明显,但硬度和质量保持率较高,保持率分别达90％和97％以上;随着玻璃纤维含量的增加,水热老化后,玻璃钢的吸水率逐渐增大,吸水膨胀率逐渐降低,玻璃纤维和不饱和聚酯树脂质量比为3:7的玻璃钢具有最高的强度保持率和硬度保持率,拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度保持率分别为71.15％、88.98％和92.64％,硬度保持率为98.86％.     

A Novel Fluorescent Probe for ATP Detection Based on Synergetic Effect of Aggregation-induced Emission and Counterion Displacement

In this work,a fluorescent probe(TPEBe-I)was developed for adenosine triphosphate(ATP)detection based on the synergetic effect of aggregation-induced emission and counterion displacement.TPEBe-I gave weak emission in aqueous solution due to the heavy-atom effect of counter iodide ion.However,upon the addition of ATP,the new aggregate complex(TPEBe-ATP)was formed between the cationic unit of TPEBe-I and ATP through electrostatic interactions,which not only restricted the intramolecular motion of luminogen but also eliminated the quenching effect of iodide ion.As a result,the fluorescent light-up detection for ATP was successfully achieved.Moreover,TPEBe-I exhibited high selectivity towards ATP and showed a wide linear detection region towards the logarithm of ATP concentration(5—600μmol/L)with a detection limit of 1.0μmol/L,enabling TPEBe-I as a promising probe for ATP quantitative analysis.     

Foam/Film Alternating Multilayer Structure with High Toughness and Low Thermal Conductivity Prepared via Microlayer Coextrusion

Multilayer membranes prepared via microlayer coextrusion have attracted wide attention due to their unique properties and broad applications. In present study, the foam/film alternating multilayer sheets based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) and high-density polyethylene are successfully prepared via microlayer coextrusion. The cells in the sheets are single-cell-array along the foamed EVA layers with uniform cell size. In addition, the effects of layer number and foam relative thickness on morphology, mechanical properties, damping and heat insulation properties are investigated. The cell size decreases significantly with increasing layer number due to the enhanced confine effects. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and heat insulation also increase significantly. However, the mechanical damping properties change little in the observed frequency. Meanwhile, with higher relative thickness of EVA foam, the sheets have lower tensile strength and lower thermal conductivity, while the damping properties are enhanced in a specific frequency scope. The elongation at break of the optimized sample comes to 800% and the thermal conductivity decreases to 61 mW·m~(-1)·K~(-1), which shows high toughness and low thermal conductivity, indicating a possible method for preparing materials with high toughness and heat-insulating properties.     

强聚焦混合偏振矢量光束在瑞利粒子上产生的辐射力

理论研究了强聚焦混合偏振矢量光束作用在瑞利粒子的辐射力,推导出混合偏振矢量光束深聚焦在焦平面处产生辐射力的计算表达式,数值模拟了焦平面附近轴向光束强度分布及数值孔径与径向系数对辐射力分布的影响.结果表明,强聚焦混合偏振矢量光束深聚焦后在焦平面附近产生的辐射力在一定情况下能够实现对瑞利粒子的三维捕获,并且受数值孔径和径向系数的影响,其中径向系数影响较为明显.大量数据整合结果表明当径向系数大于3时,才能实现与光阑数值孔径相匹配,完成对焦平面附近瑞利粒子的三维捕获.     

激光通过散射介质的聚焦

基于角谱衍射公式和散射介质的圆形高斯分布模型,数值模拟光通过散射介质的聚焦.通过反馈优化算法实现散射光束的波前整形,在目标位置处形成一个很亮的聚焦光斑.改变聚焦目标位置后,可实现任意位置处的单点或多点聚焦.讨论了空间光调制器上的总调制单元个数、每个调制单元相位准确度与光强增长因子的关系.结果表明:目标位置处的光强随着总像素单元数的增加而线性地增强,并且随着调制单元的相位准确度的增加而增强.     

有机氯农药与肿瘤相关基因DNA间的作用机制研究

利用紫外可见(UV-vis)吸收光谱、荧光(FL)光谱和圆二色谱(CD)研究了3种有机氯农药[DDT,DDE和DDD]与人类肿瘤相关基因(p53 DNA和C-myc DNA)的相互作用,阐明有机氯农药的基因毒性。UV-vis和FL光谱实验表明,有机氯农药主要通过嵌插方式与DNA碱基作用,形成非共价复合物。通过FL实验得到的农药分子与p53 DNA的结合能力顺序为:DDE>DDT>DDD,对C-myc DNA为:DDD>DDE>DDT;并通过计算结合过程的热力学常数证实以疏水作用为主要的作用力。CD实验表明,部分有机氯农药能够影响DNA的碱基对堆积和二级结构,很可能进一步造成DNA损伤,并最终导致基因突变。     

圆柱状铁磁体中的偶极-交换自旋波

对于轴向磁化的圆柱状铁磁体,同时考虑偶极作用和交换作用,得到了偶极-交换自旋波的本征方程,给出了频谱的数值结果。当自旋波波矢β较小,即偶极能起主要作用时,相当于静磁模的结果,β较大,即交换能起主要作用时,过渡到宏观自旋波交换模理论的结果。     

声速测量及声波的波动学规律研究

声速除了可利用共振干涉法和相位比较法测量外,还可以用干涉、衍射及“洛埃镜”反射等方法测量．声速实验的改进,不仅可扩展声速测量的方法,而且也可加深学生对波动学规律和本质的理解．     

Formation of Small Bottle Light Beams

A method for obtaining small bottle light beams, e.g. 0.92λ×0.4λ, in a high numerical-aperture lens system is proposed and numerically demonstrated. This can be achieved by changing the radius of each zone of the binary element and polarization rotation angle of the cylindrically polarized vectorial vortex beam. It is found that the transversal and axial sizes of this bottle beam are equal to about 0.92λ and 0.4λ, respectively. In addition, the connection between angular momentum and topological Pancharatnam charge is also shown.